埃克哈特大师（），本名埃克哈特·冯·霍赫海姆（），或稱約翰尼斯·艾克哈特（），是一位德国神学家、哲学家和神秘主义者，出生在神圣罗马帝国图林根州的Landgraviate。十多岁时便加入道明会并任高级职务。作为布道者他效力极高，其讲道方法给同时代人和后来者留下了极深刻的印象。对于德语哲学术语的创制也作出重大贡献。其关注的最主要问题是日常生活中持续精神实践的原理的传播。他非传统的，有时甚至是挑衅性的言论常常与当时的普遍信仰相抵触，故而引起了轰动。比如他认为，“灵魂的根基”不像所有的动物是被上帝所创造的，但是神圣的，非受造的。灵的的原因即神性，是瞬间表现的。 教皇约翰二十二世将他列为异端，他反驳了这些指控。据说他在正式判决之前死亡，虽然没有发现过他的埋葬地点，没有死亡记录。 延伸阅读 Jeanne Ancelet-Hustache, Master Eckhart and the Rhineland Mystics, New York and London: Harper and Row/ Longmans, 1957. Leonardo Vittorio Arena, The Shadows of the Masters, ebook, 2013. James M. Clark, The Great German Mystics, New York: Russell and Russell, 1970 (reprint of Basil Blackwell edition, Oxford: 1949.) James M. Clark, trans., Henry Suso: Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Little Book of Truth, London: Faber, 1953. Cesare Catà, Il Cardinale e l'Eretico. Nicola Cusano e il problema della eredità "eterodossa" di Meister Eckhart nel suo pensiero, in "Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies", UCLA University, Volume 41, No.2 (2010), pp. 269–291. Oliver Davies, God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1988. Oliver Davies, Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian, London: SPCK, 1991. Eckardus Theutonicus, homo doctus et sanctus, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1993. Robert K. Forman, Meister Eckhart: Mystic as Theologian, Rockport, Massachusetts/Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element Books, 1991. Gundolf Gieraths, O.P., '"Life in Abundance: Meister Eckhart and the German Dominican Mystics of the 14th Century", Spirituality Today Supplement, Autumn, 1986. Joel F. Harrington, “Dangerous Mystic: Meister Eckhart’s Path to the God Within”, New York: Penguin Press, 2018. Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy: An Interpretation of the Great Mystics, East and West, New York: HarperCollins, 1945. Amy Hollywood, The Soul as Virgin Wife: Mechthild of Magdeburg, Marguerite Porete, and Meister Eckhart, Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996. Rufus Jones, The Flowering of Mysticism in the Fourteenth Century, New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1971 (facsimile of 1939 ed.). Bernard McGinn, "Eckhart's Condemnation Reconsidered" in The Thomist, vol. 44, 1980. Bernard McGinn, ed., Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete, New York: Continuum, 1994. Ben Morgan. On Becoming God: Late Medieval Mysticism and the Modern Western Self. New York: Fordham UP, 2013. Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. II, Cyprian Smith, The Way of Paradox: Spiritual Life as Taught by Meister Eckhart, New York: Paulist Press, 1988. Frank Tobin, Meister Eckhart: Thought and Language, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. Denys Turner, The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Winfried Trusen, Der Prozess gegen Meister Eckhart, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1988. Andrew Weeks, German Mysticism from Hildegard of Bingen to Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Literary and Intellectual History, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993. Richard Woods, O.P., Eckhart's Way, Wilmington, Delaware: Glazier, 1986 (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991). Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: The Gospel of Peace and Justice, Tape Cassette Program, Chicago: Center for Religion & Society, 1993. Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: Master of Mystics (London, Continuum, 2010). Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh, Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart, London and New York: Routledge, 2016. 備注 A A 新柏拉图主义者 中世纪哲学家 13世纪拉丁语作家 14世纪拉丁语作家 天主教神学家 圖林根人 14世纪基督徒 13世紀基督徒